
Donkey Kong © 1981 Nintendo.
Donkey Kong is a legendary arcade platform game in which the player takes on the role of Jumpman, who would later be renamed Mario and would go on to become Nintendo's mascot and a gaming legend. In this game, he must battle his way to the top of each level to rescue his beloved Pauline; who has been kidnapped by the giant ape, Donkey Kong.
Jumpman is controlled with a joystick and a single JUMP button and must avoid the rolling Barrels thrown at him by Donkey Kong, as well as other enemies, including Fireballs, Cement Pies, Springs, and Firefoxes. Screens are negotiated with the use of ladders, ramps, conveyor belts and elevators.
For additional points, players can collect umbrellas, hats, purses and other bonus items that Pauline has dropped on her way to the top of the building. Jumpman can also grab a hammer to smash Barrels, Beams, Fireballs, Cement Pies, and Firefoxes to earn additional bonus points. The hammer can only be used for a limited time, however, and Jumpman cannot jump or climb ladders while in possession of the hammer.
On the Ramp, Elevator and Conveyor Belt stages, whenever Jumpman reaches Pauline, Donkey Kong will grab her and carry her off to the next level. (Exception: On the Conveyor Belt stage, Jumpman only needs to reach Donkey Kong's platform to clear the stage.)
On the Rivet stage, Jumpman must remove eight rivets by running or jumping over them. After all eight rivets are removed, Donkey Kong will fall head first onto a stack of girders, knocking him out, and Jumpman and Pauline will finally be reunited.
The game then starts over again with an increased level of difficulty.
- CAST OF CHARACTERS -
Jumpman:
This is the one and only Mario who will go on to become one of the biggest video game stars of all time. This is the game that started it all for him. His given profession in Donkey Kong is that of a carpenter, instead of a plumber.
Pauline:
Jumpman's girlfriend and damsel in distress. She is stuck at the top of each screen awaiting rescue from the clutches of Donkey Kong. (When the arcade version of the game was first released, she did not have an official name and was just referred to as "Lady"; she was renamed "Pauline" about the same time Jumpman was renamed Mario.)
Donkey Kong:
The most well-known video game ape and only character to retain his original name in future games. Donkey Kong has kidnapped Pauline and carried her up to the top of the construction site that Jumpman is working at.
Hammer:
Except for the Elevator stage, two hammers can be found on each stage. Jump to grab the hammer and use it to smash nearby dangers for points. It only lasts for a short time and Mario cannot climb ladders while he is holding the hammer.
Barrel:
Donkey Kong throws these at Jumpman on the Ramp stage. Many of them roll down the ramps and randomly drop down ladders that they pass. Sometimes Kong throws them directly down the building.
Beam:
These are the blue Barrels that Kong throws. The only difference between them and the Barrels is that Beams will turn into Fireballs when they reach the burning can of oil at the bottom.
Fireball:
These appear on every stage except the Rivet stage. They move about randomly and can be jumped, but it's dangerous to try because they change directions frequently.
Cement Pie:
These appear on the Conveyor Belt stage only. They passively travel along the conveyor belt and are harmful to touch. The only danger they pose is when the conveyor belt suddenly changes directions.
Spring:
These bounce along the roof of the Elevator stage before falling down to the bottom of the screen creating a dangerous but predictable obstacle to avoid.
Firefox:
The fire enemies that roam around the Rivet stage. They are even harder to jump over and they seem to track Mario a little more closely.
Prizes:
Except on the Ramp stage, some of Pauline's dropped items (namely her purse, hat and umbrella) litter the construction site and can be retrieved by Jumpman for bonus points.
Main CPU: Zilog Z80 (@ 3.072 Mhz), I8035 (@ 400 Khz)
Sound Chips: Discrete circuitry
Players: 2
Control: 4-way joystick
Buttons: 1 (JUMP)

Donkey Kong was released on July 9, 1981 in Japan.
The game was originally going to be called 'Monkey Kong' but a mistake during the translation process from Japanese to English resulted in the now legendary name. The game's creator, the equally-legendary Shigeru Miyamoto denies this story to this day - claiming that the naming is deliberate as he wanted an animal name that would capture the 'stubborn' nature of the Kong character (as in 'stubborn as a mule'). Few within the industry believe this explanation, however.
The Japanese word for 'stupid' or 'foolish' literally means 'donkey-like'. So Donkey Kong can be interpreted as 'Stupid Kong'. However, since the Japanese language has no obscenities, translators usually use the same word when an obscene adjective is needed. So Donkey Kong can also be interpreted as 'F---ing Kong'.
Mario was originally called 'Jumpman' when the arcade version of the game was first released. He wasn't officially renamed Mario until Donkey Kong Jr., but several home conversions of Donkey Kong, especially the NES/Famicom ports, have given him the Mario name. Likewise, Pauline was originally called "Lady". Her name changed about the same time Mario's name was changed.
Nintendo was sued by Universal Studios who said the Donkey Kong character infringed on the King Kong copyright. Nintendo's legal counsel, John Kirby of Latham & Watkins LLP, recalled an old case were the RKO Pictures sued Universal Studio for the same reason. At this time, Universal Studio had argued that King Kong was in the public domain. So, Universal Studio lost and had to pay Nintendo $1.8 million in damages. To thank John Kirby, Nintendo created a personage with the name of Kirby (originally called Popopo).
Donkey Kong introduced a number of wholly original game-play ideas to the platform genre. It was the first ever game to feature multiple play-fields, for example. It was also the first game that allowed players to jump over objects. The idea of jumping over objects came from Gunpei Yokoi. Initially, Shigeru Miyamoto assumed that the barrel could be avoided by climbing a ladder.
Its creation came about due to the commercial failure of another game called Radar Scope. A consequence of which was an excess of redundant arcade cabinets. In an attempt to limit their losses, Nintendo commissioned Donkey Kong and history was made.
Originally both the US and Japanese versions asked us 'How High Can You Try?'. This was quickly grammatically corrected to ask the familiar 'How High Can You Get?'.
The game does end, as it has a 'kill screen'! The timer in L-22 expires so quickly that the 25m stage cannot be completed.
There is this text in one of the roms of the Japanese version :
CONGRATULATION !IF YOU ANALYSE DIFFICULT THIS PROGRAM, WE WOULD TEACH YOU.*****TEL.TOKYO-JAPAN 044(244)2151 EXTENTION 304 SYSTEM DESIGN IKEGAMI CO. LIM.
The logo for Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd. (ITC) can be found on the title graphics, but it's never used. ITC both developed the hardware and wrote the program code for Donkey Kong.
The Barrel appears as an item in Super Smash Bros. (Nintendo 64)
The Elevator stage is used as an unlockable stage in Super Smash Bros. Brawl for the Nintendo Wii.
Robbie Lakeman holds the official record for this game with 1,144,800 points, which he achieved on December 1st, 2014.
A 'speed-up' kit was released in Japan disallowing barrels coming down the ladder if you were at the top of it (SEE TIP BELOW).
The game was featured as an unlockable extra in Donkey Kong 64 for the Nintendo 64.
| Jumping over Barrels, Beams, Fireballs, Cement Pies, or Firefoxes | 100 points. |
| * Sometimes scoring can occur when objects are next to or behind the player when jumping (especially the Springs on the Elevator Stage). | |
| On the Ramp Stage only | |
| Two items jumped | 300 points. |
| Three or more items jumped | 500 points. |
| * Due to a bug in the program, jumping three or more items displays onscreen 800 points but actually awards only 500 points. | |
| * Sometimes jumping over one or more objects scores no points. | |
| Destroying objects with the hammer | |
| Barrels | 300 points. |
| Beams, Fireballs, Cement Pies, and Firefoxes | 300, 500 or 800 points. |
| Picking up Pauline's purse, hat, or umbrella | |
| L-01 | 300 points. |
| L-02 | 500 points. |
| L-03 onward | 800 points. |
| On the Rivet Stage only | |
| Removing a rivet | 100 points. |
| Jumping close to Kong | 100 points. |
| When a stage is completed, the player receives the points shown in the bonus box. | |
| Starting bonus points | |
| L-01 | 5,000 points. |
| L-02 | 6,000 points. |
| L-03 | 7,000 points. |
| L-04 through L-21 | 8,000 points. |
| L-22 (kill screen) | 4,000 points. |
| * The timer on L-22 behaves strangely. When the stage first comes onscreen, the timer reads 100. Then it changes to 4,000 when Mario appears. It then counts down to 3,700 and stays there for a few seconds, until Mario dies due to the bug in the game's timer code. | |
DynaVision Donkey Kong
Amstrad CPC [Disk] (1986)
Amstrad CPC [Tape] (1986)
Amstrad CPC [Disk] (1986)
Amstrad CPC [Tape] (1986)